IP rights offer innovators the exclusive right to exploit their innovations while recovering their expenditures, by providing IP owners with the ability to stop others from commercializing infringing products. During a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where time is of the essence, these competing interests rose to the forefront, as the patent community grappled with the question: how do we effectively balance respecting an owner’s IP rights with promoting the research and commercialization of life-saving vaccines in an expedited way? In the rush to develop COVID-19 vaccines, the patent community balanced these competing interests via patent pledges. However, in the face of other public health challenges even well before the COVID-19 pandemic, several alternative approaches were also proposed by others, including the pooling of Standard Essential Patents (SEPs).
